Seal of Cause

A Seal of Clause is a charter granted to a group of tradesmen by a town or burgh.

Edinburgh granted these Seals of Clause:

Seal of Clause to Occupation Date granted
Baxters Bakers 1456
Bonnet makers   1473
Skinners   1474
Masons & Wrights   1475
Wobsters Weavers 1476
Hammermen Blacksmiths, etc. 1483
Fleshers Butchers 1488
Coopers Barrel makers 1489
Cordiners Shoemakers &
Leather workers
1510

These incorporations can be thought of as being early trade unions. (See "Cracking the Freemasons Code" by Cooper page 11)