Quotes By Robert Ingersoll
Robert Ingersoll did not view God as a real entity, but rather an imaginary tyrant created by man. His views on God were as confrontational as they come, and included both attacks on God's existence and God's morality.
If there be an infinite Being, he does not need our help -- we need not waste our energies in his defense.
Strange but true: those who have loved God most have loved men least.
As long as every question is answered by the word "God," scientific inquiry is simply impossible.
We are satisfied that there can be but little liberty on earth while men worship a tyrant in heaven.
I cannot see why we should expect an infinite God to do better in another world than he does in this.
Ingersoll did not view religion as a good force for humanity. Instead, he attacked religion as one of the fundamental sources of man's problems and castigated the clergy in particular as immoral.
In all ages hypocrites, called priests, have put crowns on the heads of thieves, called kings.
The inspiration of the Bible depends upon the ignorance of the gentleman who reads it.
Ministers say that they teach charity. This is natural. They live on alms. All beggars teach that others should give.
Ingersoll was particularly vehement about his dislike of the idea of Hell. He viewed it as immoral, unjust, and by itself reason enough to discard Christianity as cruel and untrue. It is likely that harsher words about Hell had never before been spoken, and perhaps since.
If there is a God who will damn his children forever, I would rather go to hell than to go to heaven and keep the society of such an infamous tyrant...This doctrine never should be preached again. What right have you, sir, Mr. clergyman, you, minister of the gospel to stand at the portals of the tomb, at the vestibule of eternity, and fill the future with horror and with fear? I do not believe this doctrine, neither do you. If you did, you could not sleep one moment. Any man who believes it, and has within his breast a decent, throbbing heart, will go insane. A man who believes that doctrine and does not go insane has the heart of a snake and the conscience of a hyena.
The doctrine of eternal punishment is in perfect harmony with the savagery of the men who made the orthodox creeds. It is in harmony with torture, with flaying alive, and with burnings. The men who burned their fellow-men for a moment, believed that God would burn his enemies forever.
The notion that faith in Christ is to be rewarded by an eternity of bliss, while a dependence upon reason, observation and experience merits everlasting pain, is too absurd for refutation, and can be relieved only by that unhappy mixture of insanity and ignorance, called "faith."
Robert Ingersoll's quotes, while shocking to many today, were far more shocking in the 19th century when religion had far more influence and unbelief had a much greater stigma in the United States. Ingersoll's words, it must be remembered, were spoken just 200 years after people were executed in America for witchcraft.
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Nothing is greater
than to break the chains from the bodies of men -- nothing nobler than to
destroy the phantom of the soul.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, quoted
from the Address, Ingersoll
the Magnificent, delivered by Joseph Lewis on August 11th 1954
dedicating, as a Public Memorial, the house in which Robert G Ingersoll was
born, Dresden, Yates County, in the state of New York.
If there be an
infinite Being, he does not need our help -- we need not waste our energies in
his defense.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "God
in the Constitution" (1870)
We need men with
moral courage to speak and write their real thoughts, and to stand by their
convictions, even to the very death.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "Thomas
Paine" (1870)
The man who does
not do his own thinking is a slave, and is a traitor to himself and to his
fellow-men.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "The
Liberty of Man, Woman and Child"
They knew no
better, but I do not propose to follow the example of a barbarian because he was
honestly a barbarian.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "The
Limitations of Toleration"
The moment you
introduce a despotism in the world of thought, you succeed in making hypocrites
-- and you get in such a position that you never know what your neighbor thinks.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "The
Limitations of Toleration"
The doctrine of eternal
punishment is in perfect harmony with the savagery of the men who made the
orthodox creeds. It is in harmony with torture, with flaying alive, and with
burnings. The men who burned their fellow-men for a moment, believed that God
would burn his enemies forever.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "Crumbling
Creeds"
The Church demonstrated the falsity and folly of Darwin's
theories by showing that they contradicted the Mosaic account of creation, and
now that the theories of Darwin having been fairly established, the Church says
that the Mosaic account is true because it is in harmony with Darwin. Now, if it
should turn out that Darwin was mistaken, what then?
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, in "Col.
Ingersoll to Mr. Gladstone" from *The Autograph Edition of the Complete
Works of Robert G. Ingersoll* (Dresden: 1902), Volume 11, Page 276
We have heard talk enough. We have listened to all the
drowsy, idealess, vapid sermons that we wish to hear. We have read your Bible
and the works of your best minds. We have heard your prayers, your solemn groans
and your reverential amens. All these amount to less than nothing. We want one
fact. We beg at the doors of your churches for just one little fact. We pass our
hats along your pews and under your pulpits and implore you for just one fact.
We know all about your mouldy wonders and your stale miracles. We want a this
year's fact. We ask only one. Give us one fact for charity. Your miracles are
too ancient. The witnesses have been dead for nearly two thousand years.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"The Gods" (1872)
Who can over estimate the progress of the world if all the
money wasted in superstition could be used to enlighten, elevate and civilize
mankind?
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "Some
Mistakes of Moses"
We have already compared
the benefits of theology and science. When the theologian governed the world, it
was covered with huts and hovels for the many, palaces and cathedrals for the
few. To nearly all the children of men, reading and writing were unknown arts.
The poor were clad in rags and skins -- they devoured crusts, and gnawed bones.
The day of Science dawned, and the luxuries of a century ago are the necessities
of to-day. Men in the middle ranks of life have more of the conveniences and
elegancies than the princes and kings of the theological times. But above and
over all this, is the development of mind. There is more of value in the brain
of an average man of to-day -- of a master-mechanic, of a chemist, of a
naturalist, of an inventor, than there was in the brain of the world four
hundred years ago.
These blessings did not fall from the skies. These
benefits did not drop from the outstretched hands of priests. They were not
found in cathedrals or behind altars -- neither were they searched for with holy
candles. They were not discovered by the closed eyes of prayer, nor did they
come in answer to superstitious supplication. They are the children of freedom,
the gifts of reason, observation and experience -- and for them all, man is
indebted to man.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "God
In The Constitution"
Orthodox Christians
have the habit of claiming all great men, all men who have held important
positions, men of reputation, men of wealth. As soon as the funeral is over
clergymen begin to relate imaginary conversations with the deceased, and in a
very little while the great man is changed to a Christian -- possibly to a
saint.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "The
Religious Belief of Abraham Lincoln"
[Passage]:
Churches are becoming political
organizations....
It probably will not be long until the churches will
divide as sharply upon political, as upon theological questions; and when that
day comes, if there are not liberals enough to hold the balance of power, this
Government will be destroyed. The liberty of man is not safe in the hands of any
church. Wherever the Bible and sword are in partnership, man is a slave.
All laws for the purpose of making man worship God, are
born of the same spirit that kindled the fires of the auto da fe, and
lovingly built the dungeons of the Inquisition. All laws defining and punishing
blasphemy -- making it a crime to give your honest ideas about the Bible, or to
laugh at the ignorance of the ancient Jews, or to enjoy yourself on the Sabbath,
or to give your opinion of Jehovah, were passed by impudent bigots, and should
be at once repealed by honest men. An infinite God ought to be able to protect
himself, without going in partnership with State Legislatures. Certainly he
ought not so to act that laws become necessary to keep him from being laughed
at. No one thinks of protecting Shakespeare from ridicule, by the threat of fine
and imprisonment. It strikes me that God might write a book that would not
necessarily excite the laughter of his children. In fact, I think it would be
safe to say that a real God could produce a work that would excite the
admiration of mankind. Surely politicians could be better employed than in
passing laws to protect the literary reputation of the Jewish God.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, proving
himself a prophet, of sorts, while discrediting prophesy itself! quoted from, Some
Mistakes of Moses, Section III, "The Politicians," in Works,
Dresden Edition, Volume 2
Only a few years
ago there was no person too ignorant to successfully answer Charles Darwin; and
the more ignorant he was the more cheerfully he undertook the task.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"Orthodoxy" (1884)
The ministers, who
preached at these revivals, were in earnest. They were zealous and sincere. They
were not philosophers. To them science was the name of a vague dread -- a
dangerous enemy. They did not know much, but they believed a great deal.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, from
"Why I
Am an Agnostic" (1896)
The old lady who
said there must be a devil, else how could they make pictures that looked
exactly like him, reasoned like a trained theologian -- like a doctor of
divinity.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, from
"Superstition"
(1898)
[Excerpt]:
The notion that faith in Christ is to be
rewarded by an eternity of bliss, while a dependence upon reason, observation
and experience merits everlasting pain, is too absurd for refutation, and can be
relieved only by that unhappy mixture of insanity and ignorance, called
"faith."
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, The Gods
[Passage]:
The doctrine that future happiness depends upon
belief is monstrous. It is the infamy of infamies. The notion that faith in
Christ is to be rewarded by an eternity of bliss, while a dependence upon
reason, observation and experience merits everlasting pain, is too absurd for
refutation, and can be relieved only by that unhappy mixture of insanity and
ignorance, called "faith." What man, who ever thinks, can believe that
blood can appease God? And yet, our entire system of religion is based upon that
belief. The Jews pacified Jehovah with the blood of animals, and according to
the Christian system, the blood of Jesus softened the heart of God a little, and
rendered possible the salvation of a fortunate few. It is hard to conceive how
the human mind can give assent to such terrible ideas, or how any sane man can
read the Bible and still believe in the doctrine of inspiration.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, The Gods
It is contended by many that ours is a Christian government,
founded upon the Bible, and that all who look upon the book as false or foolish
are destroying the foundation of our country. The truth is, our government is
not founded upon the rights of gods, but upon the rights of men. Our
Constitution was framed, not to declare and uphold the deity of Christ, but the
sacredness of humanity. Ours is the first government made by the people and for
the people. It is the only nation with which the gods have had nothing to do.
And yet there are some judges dishonest and cowardly enough to solemnly decide
that this is a Christian country, and that our free institutions are based upon
the infamous laws of Jehovah.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"Individuality" (1873)
Our civilization is not Christian. It does not come from the
skies. It is not a result of "inspiration." It is the child of
invention, of discovery, of applied knowledge -- that is to say, of science.
When man becomes great and grand enough to admit that all have equal rights;
when thought is untrammeled; when worship shall consist in doing useful things;
when religion means the discharge of obligations to our fellow-men, then, and
not until then, will the world be civilized.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"Reply To The Indianapolis Clergy" The Iconoclast,
Indianapolis, Indiana (1882)
Blasphemy is an epithet bestowed by superstition upon common
sense. Whoever investigates a religion as he would any department of science is
called a blasphemer. Whoever contradicts a priest; whoever has the impudence to
use his own reason; whoever is brave enough to express his honest thought, is a
blasphemer. When the missionary speaks slightingly of the wooden god of a
savage, the savage regards him as a blasphemer. To laugh at the pretensions of
Mohammed in Constantinople is blasphemy. To say in St Peter's that Mohammed was
a prophet of God is blasphemy. There was a time when to acknowledge the divinity
of Christ in Jerusalem was blasphemy. To deny his divinity is now blasphemy in
New York.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"Interviews," Works, v. 5, p. 50, quoted from Joseph Lewis, The
Ten Commandment, "Third Commandment," pp. 212-3
Good-by, gentlemen! I am not asking to be Governor of
Illinois ... I have in my composition that which I have declared to the world as
my views upon religion. My position I would not, under any circumstances, not
even for my life, seem to renounce. I would rather refuse to be President of the
United States than to do so. My religious belief is my own. It belongs to me,
not to the State of Illinois. I would not smother one sentiment of my heart to
be the Emperor of the round world.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, to the
delegation from the Republican Party upon their asking him to be their candidate
for Governor of Illinois -- on condition that he remain silent about his
religous views (not to change them, simply to remain silent), quoted by Joseph
Lewis in "Ingersoll
the Magnificent"
We are satisfied that there can be but little liberty on
earth while men worship a tyrant in heaven.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"The Gods" (1872)
I admit that reason is a small and feeble flame, a flickering
torch by stumblers carried in the star-less night, -- blown and flared by
passion's storm, -- and yet, it is the only light. Extinguish that, and nought
remains.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
sentiments later echoed by Albert
Einstein ("One thing I have learned in a long life: that all our
science, measured against reality, is primitive and childlike -- and yet it is
the most precious thing we have."), from the Field-Ingersoll Debate (Part
2): "A Reply To The Rev Henry M Field, DD"
Every sect is a certificate that God has not plainly revealed
his will to man. To each reader the Bible conveys a different meaning.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "Some
Mistakes of Moses," XII Saturday
Give me the storm and stress of thought and action rather
than the dead calm of ignorance and faith. Banish me from Eden when you will but
first let me eat of the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, quoted
from the Address, Ingersoll
the Magnificent, delivered by Joseph Lewis on August 11th 1954
dedicating, as a Public Memorial, the house in which Robert G Ingersoll was
born, Dresden, Yates County, in the state of New York
The mechanic, when a wheel refuses to turn, never thinks of
dropping on his knees and asking the assistance of some divine power. He knows
there is a reason. He knows that something is too large or too small; that there
is something wrong with his machine; and he goes to work and he makes it larger
or smaller, here or there, until the wheel will turn.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"The Liberty Of All" (1877)
The founder of a religion
must be able to turn water into wine -- cure with a word the blind and lame, and
raise with a simple touch the dead to life. It was necessary for him to
demonstrate to the satisfaction of his barbarian disciple, that he was superior
to nature. In times of ignorance this was easy to do. The credulity of the
savage was almost boundless. To him the marvelous was the beautiful, the
mysterious was the sublime. Consequently, every religion has for its foundation
a miracle -- that is to say, a violation of nature -- that is to say, a
falsehood.
No one, in the world's whole history, ever attempted to
substantiate a truth by a miracle. Truth scorns the assistance of a miracle.
Nothing but falsehood ever attested itself by signs and wonders. No miracle ever
was performed, and no sane man ever thought he had performed one, and until one
is performed, there can be no evidence of the existence of any power superior
to, and independent of, nature.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "The
Gods" (1872)
Only the very ignorant are perfectly satisfied that they
know. To the common man the great problems are easy. He has no trouble in
accounting for the universe. He can tell you the origin and destiny of man and
the why and wherefore of things.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"Liberty In Literature" (1890)
But honest men do not pretend to know; they are candid and
sincere; they love the truth; they admit their ignorance, and they say, "We
do not know."
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "Superstition"
(1898)
The agnostic does not simply say, "l do not know."
He goes another step, and he says, with great emphasis, that you do not
know. He insists that you are trading on the ignorance of others, and on the
fear of others. He is not satisfied with saying that you do not know, -- he
demonstrates that you do not know, and he drives you from the field of fact --
he drives you from the realm of reason -- he drives you from the light, into the
darkness of conjecture -- into the world of dreams and shadows, and he compels
you to say, at last, that your faith has no foundation in fact.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"Reply To Dr. Lyman Abbott" (This unfinished article was written as a
reply to the Rev Lyman Abbott's article entitled, "Flaws in Ingersollism,"
which was printed in the April 1890 number of the North American Review.)
A few years ago the Deists denied the inspiration of the
Bible on account of its cruelty. At the same time they worshiped what they were
pleased to call the God of Nature. Now we are convinced that Nature is as cruel
as the Bible; so that, if the God of Nature did not write the Bible, this God at
least has caused earthquakes and pestilence and famine, and this God has allowed
millions of his children to destroy one another. So that now we have arrived at
the question -- not as to whether the Bible is inspired and not as to whether
Jehovah is the real God, but whether there is a God or not.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, quoted
from the book Ingersoll the Magnificent, edited by Joseph Lewis, which
does not cite references
Every pulpit is a pillory, in which stands a hired culprit,
defending the justice of his own imprisonment.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"Individuality" (1873)
In all ages hypocrites, called priests, have put crowns on
the heads of thieves, called kings.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll (1884), quoted
from Herman E Kittredge, A
Biographical Appreciation of Robert Green Ingersoll, Chapter XII
Labor is the only prayer
that Nature answers; it is the only prayer that deserves an answer -- good,
honest, noble work.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, closing
arguments, The
Trial of C B Reynolds for Blasphemy
The churches have no confidence in each other. Why? Because
they are acquainted with each other.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, quoted
from the book Ingersoll
the Magnificent, edited by Joseph Lewis, which does not cite references
The inspiration of the
Bible depends upon the ignorance of the gentleman who reads it.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, speech (1881),
quoted from Jonathon Green, The Cassell Dictionary of Cynical Quotations
The book, called the
Bible, is filled with passages equally horrible, unjust and atrocious. This is
the book to be read in schools in order to make our children loving, kind and
gentle! This is the book they wish to be recognized in our Constitution as the
source of all authority and justice!
-- Robert G Ingersoll, "The
Gods" (1872)
Many people think they
have religion when they are troubled with dyspepsia.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "Liberty
of Man, Woman and Child" (1877)
No man with a sense of
humour ever founded a religion.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, quoted from
Jonathon Green, The Cassell Dictionary of Insulting Quotations
It may be that ministers really think that their prayers do
good and it may be that frogs imagine that their croaking brings spring.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"Which Way?" (1884)
Is there an intelligent man or woman now in the world who
believes in the Garden of Eden story? If you find any man who believes it,
strike his forehead and you will hear an echo. Something is for rent.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"Orthodoxy" (1884)
The ministers are in duty bound to denounce all intellectual
pride, and show that we are never quite so dear to God as when we admit that we
are poor, corrupt and idiotic worms; that we never should have been born; that
we ought to be damned without the least delay.... The old creed is still taught.
They still insist that God is infinitely wise, powerful and good, and that all
men are totally depraved. They insist that the best man god ever made, deserved
to be damned the moment he was finished.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "Some
Mistakes of Moses" (1879)
Christianity has such a contemptible opinion of human nature
that it does not believe a man can tell the truth unless frightened by a belief
in God. No lower opinion of the human race has ever been expressed.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
discussing the practice of not allowing atheists to give testimony in court: "In
most of the States of this Union I could not give testimony. Should a man be
murdered before my eyes I could not tell a jury who did it." -- quoted from
the book Ingersoll
the Magnificent, edited by Joseph Lewis, which does not cite references
If, with all the time at my disposal, with all the wealth of
the resources of this vast universe, to do with as I will, I could not produce a
better scheme of life than now prevails, I would be ashamed of my efforts and
consider my work a humiliating failure.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, quoted
from the Address, Ingersoll
the Magnificent, delivered by Joseph Lewis on August 11th 1954
dedicating, as a Public Memorial, the house in which Robert G Ingersoll was
born, Dresden, Yates County, in the state of New York
On every hand there seems
to be design to defeat design.
If God created man -- if he is the father of us all,
why did he make the criminals, the insane, the deformed and idiotic?
Should the mother, who clasps to her breast an idiot
child, thank God?
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, from "Why I
Am an Agnostic" (1896)
Nothing could add to the horror of hell, except the presence
of its creator, God. While I have life, as long as I draw breath, I shall deny
with all my strength, and hate with every drop of my blood, this infinite lie.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, from
"Why I
Am an Agnostic" (1896)
I would not for my life destroy one star of human hope, but I
want it so that when a poor woman rocks the cradle and sings a lullaby to the
dimpled darling, she will not be compelled to believe that ninety-nine chances
in a hundred she is raising kindling wood for hell.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"How To Be Saved" (1880)
I read the other day an account of a meeting between John
Knox and John Calvin. Imagine a dialogue between a pestilence and a famine!
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"How To Be Saved" (1880)
Is it a small thing to
quench the flames of hell with the holy tears of pity -- to unbind the martyr
from the stake -- break all the chains -- put out the fires of civil war -- stay
the sword of the fanatic, and tear the bloody hands of the Church from the white
throat of Science?
Is it a small thing to make men truly free -- to
destroy the dogmas of ignorance, prejudice and power -- the poisoned fables of
superstition, and drive from the beautiful face of the earth the fiend of fear?
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "Thomas
Paine" (1870)
It is told that the
great Angelo, in decorating a church, painted some angels wearing sandals. A
cardinal looking at the picture said to the artist: "Whoever saw angels
with sandals?" Angelo answered with another question: "Whoever saw an
angel barefooted?"
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, from
"Superstition"
(1898)
Honest
investigation is utterly impossible within the pale of any church, for the
reason, that if you think the church is right you will not investigate, and if
you think it wrong, the church will investigate you.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"Individuality" (1873)
Some president
wishes to be re-elected, and thereupon speaks about the Bible as "the
corner-stone of American Liberty." This sentence is a mouth large enough to
swallow any church, and from that time forward the religious people will be
citing that remark of the politician to substantiate the inspiration of the
Scriptures.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"Brooklyn Divines" (1883)
Strange but true: those
who have loved God most have loved men least.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, speech (1881),
quoted from Jonathon Green, The Cassell Dictionary of Cynical Quotations
He who dishonors
himself [by lying about his opinions] for the sake of being honored by others
will find that two mistakes have been made -- one by himself, and the other, by
the people.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, on
being defeated in an election and criticized for not covering up his atheism
("If I had denied being an infidel, I might have obtained an office.),
quoted from the book Ingersoll
the Magnificent, edited by Joseph Lewis, which does not cite references
You cannot show
real respect to your parents by perpetuating their errors.... Do you consider
that the inventor of a steel plow cast a slur upon his father who scratched the
ground with a wooden one? I do not consider that an invention by the son is a
slander upon the father; I regard each invention simply as an improvement; and
every father should be exceedingly proud of an ingenious son. If Mr. Talmage has
a son, it will be impossible for him to honor his father except by differing
with him.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"Some Mistakes Of Moses" (1879)
In the presence of
death I affirm and reaffirm the truth of all that I have said against the
superstitions of the world. I would say that much on the subject with my last
breath.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, June
23, 1890, interview in The Post-Express of Rochester, NY, quoted from A
Biographical Appreciation of Robert Green Ingersoll by Herman E Kittredge,
Chapter 9
Labor is the only
prayer that Nature answers.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll, quoted
from the book Ingersoll
the Magnificent, edited by Joseph Lewis, which does not cite references
The clergy know
that I know that they know that they do not know.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"Orthodoxy" (1884)
Twenty years after
the death of Luther there were more Catholics than when he was born. And twenty
years after the death of Voltaire there were millions less than when he was
born.
-- Robert Green Ingersoll,
"Answering The New York Ministers"
This century will be called Darwin's century. He was one of the greatest men who ever touched this globe. He has explained more of the phenomena of life than all of the religious teachers. Write the name of Charles Darwin on the one hand and the name of every theologian who ever lived on the other, and from that name has come more light to the world than from all of those. His doctrine of evolution, his doctrine of the survival of the fittest, his doctrine of the origin of species, has removed in every thinking mind the last vestige of orthodox Christianity. He has not only stated, but he has demonstrated, that the inspired writer knew nothing of this world, nothing of the origin of man, nothing of geology, nothing of astronomy, nothing of nature; that the Bible is a book written by ignorance -- at the instigation of fear. Think of the men who replied to him. Only a few years ago there was no person too ignorant to successfully answer Charles Darwin; and the more ignorant he was the more cheerfully he undertook the task. He was held up to the ridicule, the scorn and contempt of the Christian world, and yet when he died, England was proud to put his dust with that of her noblest and her grandest. Charles Darwin conquered the intellectual world, and his doctrines are now accepted facts.-- Robert Green Ingersoll, "Orthodoxy" (1884)